Infant Social Development: From Brain to Behavior

婴幼儿社会发展：从大脑到行为

NICOLE MCDONALD (2015-11-16 to 2018-11-15) $172,971

Project ID: F32MH108283 (NIMH)

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Abstract

? Using neuroimaging techniques to find biomarkers of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and related social difficulties will allow for earlier detection of risk: a critical component of identifying which infants need preventive treatment. Neuroimaging may also offer a more sensitive method of predicting and assessing treatment response than focusing only on observable behavior. However, we first need to improve our understanding of typical brain development to identify neural markers that predict individual differences in social behaviors. These neural markers can then become targets for the study of biomarkers of ASD. Better understanding the neural differences associated with ASD and related social difficulties will help to guide the development of treatments that are closely matched to biological areas of deficit and provide promising regions of interest for studies utilizing neuroimaging to predict and assess treatment response. The current proposal is a multi-level (brain function and behavior), longitudinal neuroimaging study of 60 typically developing infants during a critical period in social development. The study will utilize functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure brain functioning in response to both novel (live social interaction) and well-validated (biological motion) social stimuli at 6 months of age. Identified neural correlates of social stimui will then be applied to predict individual differences in key areas of social functioning in these same infants at 12 months. The applicant's overarching career goal is to conduct research that helps to prevent deficits in social- emotional functioning before they reach clinically impairing levels. The proposed fellowship training is an integral step in this career path. The applicant wil receive intensive training in developmental neuroimaging techniques under the mentorship of a leading researcher in the neurobiology of social cognition and ASD. This project, which combines clinical and developmental research using behavioral and neuroimaging techniques, will provide an ideal vehicle for the trainee to develop as an independent researcher in the field of translational developmental neuroscience, so that her research program can help bridge the gaps between social development, neural systems, and clinical research.

？使用神经成像技术找到自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的生物标志物和相关的社会困难将允许更早地检测风险：确定哪些婴儿需要预防性治疗的关键组成部分。神经影像学也可以提供更灵敏的预测和评估治疗反应的方法，而不仅仅关注可观察的行为。然而，我们首先需要提高我们对典型大脑发育的理解，以确定预测社会行为个体差异的神经标记。然后，这些神经标记物可以成为研究ASD生物标志物的靶标。更好地理解与ASD相关的神经差异和相关的社会困难将有助于指导与缺陷的生物学领域紧密匹配的治疗的发展，并为利用神经影像学预测和评估治疗反应的研究提供有希望的感兴趣区域。目前的提议是一个多层次（脑功能和行为），纵向神经成像研究，在社会发展的关键时期，60名正常发育的婴儿。该研究将利用功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）来测量大脑功能，以响应6个月大的新的（活的社交互动）和经过充分验证的（生物运动）社交刺激。然后将应用已确定的社会刺激的神经相关性来预测12个月时这些相同婴儿的社会功能关键领域的个体差异。申请人的总体职业目标是进行研究，以帮助在社会情绪功能达到临床损害水平之前预防其缺陷。拟议的奖学金培训是这一职业道路上不可或缺的一步。申请人将在社会认知和ASD神经生物学的领先研究人员的指导下接受发育神经影像技术的强化培训。该项目结合了使用行为和神经成像技术的临床和发展研究，将为受训者在转化发育神经科学领域发展成为独立研究人员提供理想的工具，以便她的研究计划能够帮助弥合社会发展之间的差距，神经系统和临床研究。