Mechanisms of Interpersonal Social Communication: Dual-Brain fNIRS Investigation

人际社会交往机制：双脑fNIRS调查

JOY HIRSCH (2015-09-01 to 2020-05-31) $2,063,155

Project ID: R01MH107513 (NIMH)

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Abstract

? Social interaction and communication are fundamental human functions and are conserved across cultures and other mammalian species. Yet little is known about the underlying neural dynamics that drive these behaviors. Conventional functional imaging studies using fMRI and PET that investigate the neural underpinnings of spoken language have generally been limited to investigations of single subjects and non-interactive paradigms. Thus, questions of the neural mechanisms specialized for interpersonal exchanges remain understudied. The motivating hypothesis for this investigation is that interpersonal dialogue between two individuals engages a neural complex that extends beyond the functional specializations of Broca's and Wernicke's Areas known as the canonical language system and serves as a paradigm to investigate social behavior in real-time paradigms. Specifically, we hypothesize that a neural complex specialized for multi-agent interpersonal communication incorporates synchronizing information shared between the partners (transmission), using meaningful visual and auditory input cues (reception), and integrates functions that guide turn-taking behavior (regulation) between speakers. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides a non- invasive imaging technique that acquires the Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) signals using absorbance spectra, and is suitable for the study of brain function in pairs of behaving subjects which is enabled by the use of portable and wearable optodes located on the surface of the head. We propose to use fNIRS and interacting pairs of subjects to compare neural responses during monologue, dialogue, and simultaneous recitation conditions, as well as face-to-face and occluded conditions that systematically limit visual and auditory input. Computational approaches will be based on coherence measures determined by wavelet analyses between homologous regions of the two interacting brains as evidence for the neural response to social engagement and of the associated underlying neural circuitry. We anticipate that dialogue tasks will activate the canonical language system more than monologue tasks, as well as additional social brain systems that receive facial information and are associated with regulatory and control functions. For example, these areas may include fusiform gyrus (interpretation of facial information) and dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (regulation and control of neural events) respectively. Findings will provide the basis for a transceiver model of human communication including the neural underpinnings of a transmitter (speech production), a receiver (visual and auditory input), and a regulator (control of turn-taking in a conversation). The aims of this proposal are intended to provide a foundation that enables extended studies of inter-brain synchronization during social behavior and interpersonal communication in socially-healthy individuals that can be applied to social disorders in subsequent studies.

？社会互动和沟通是人类的基本功能，在不同文化和其他哺乳动物物种中得到保护。然而鲜为人知的是驱动这些行为的潜在神经动力学。使用调查口语神经基础的fMRI和PET的常规功能成像研究通常仅限于单个受试者和非交互式范例的研究。因此，专门用于人际交往的神经机制的问题仍未得到充分研究。这项调查的动机假设是，两个人之间的人际对话涉及一个神经复合体，它超越了Broca和Wernicke's Areas的功能特化，被称为规范语言系统，并作为调查实时范式中社会行为的范例。具体来说，我们假设专门用于多智能体人际交流的神经复合体包含了伙伴之间共享的同步信息（传输），使用有意义的视觉和听觉输入线索（接收），并整合了指导轮流行为（调节）的功能。扬声器。近红外光谱（NIRS）提供了一种非侵入性成像技术，该技术使用吸收光谱获取血氧水平依赖（BOLD）信号，并且适用于通过使用便携式和可穿戴式光电极位于头部表面。我们建议使用fNIRS和相互作用的受试者对来比较独白，对话和同时诵读条件下的神经反应，以及系统地限制视觉和听觉输入的面对面和闭塞状况。计算方法将基于通过两个相互作用的大脑的同源区域之间的小波分析确定的相干性测量，作为对社会参与的神经响应和相关的潜在神经回路的证据。我们预计，对话任务将激活规范语言系统而不是独白任务，以及接收面部信息并与监管和控制功能相关联的其他社交大脑系统。例如，这些区域可以分别包括梭状回（面部信息的解释）和背侧前额叶皮层（神经事件的调节和控制）。研究结果将为人类通信的收发器模型提供基础，包括发射器（语音产生）的神经基础，接收器（视觉和听觉输入）和调节器（对话中的转向控制）。该提案的目的是为在社会健康个体的社会行为和人际交流中进行大脑间同步的扩展研究奠定基础，这些个体可以在后续研究中应用于社会障碍。