TIR domains of plant immune receptors are NAD+-cleaving enzymes that promote cell death

Wan, Essuman, Anderson, Sasaki, Monteiro, Chung, Osborne Nishimura, DiAntonio, Milbrandt, Dangl, Nishimura (2019) TIR domains of plant immune receptors are NAD+-cleaving enzymes that promote cell death Science (IF: 56.9) 365(6455) 799-803

Abstract

Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors activate cell death and confer disease resistance by unknown mechanisms. We demonstrate that plant Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains of NLRs are enzymes capable of degrading nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in its oxidized form (NAD+). Both cell death induction and NAD+ cleavage activity of plant TIR domains require known self-association interfaces and a putative catalytic glutamic acid that is conserved in both bacterial TIR NAD+-cleaving enzymes (NADases) and the mammalian SARM1 (sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1) NADase. We identify a variant of cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose as a biomarker of TIR enzymatic activity. TIR enzymatic activity is induced by pathogen recognition and functions upstream of the genes enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1) and N requirement gene 1 (NRG1), which encode regulators required for TIR immune function. Thus, plant TIR-NLR receptors require NADase function to transduce recognition of pathogens into a cell death response.Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

Links

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7045805
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31439793
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aax1771

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